Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Songbo Wang  Ping Xie  Shikai Wu  Aiping Wu 《Limnologica》2007,37(3):242-249

A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448 mg L⁻¹, and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 μg L⁻¹, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (11 genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes.  相似文献   

Stratospheric warming effects on the tropical mesospheric temperature field   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M.G. Shepherd  D.L. Wu  I.N. Fedulina  S. Gurubaran  J.M. Russell  M.G. Mlynczak  G.G. Shepherd 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2309

Temperature observations at 20–90 km height and 5–15°N during the winter of 1992–1993, 1993–1994 and 2003–2004, from the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) experiments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) satellite and the Sounding the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment on the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite are analyzed together with MF radar winds and UK Meteorological Office (UKMO) assimilated fields. Mesospheric cooling is observed at the time of stratospheric warming at the tropics correlative with stratospheric warming events at middle and high latitudes. Planetary waves m=1 with periods of 4–5, 6–8, 10 and 12–18 days are found to dominate the period. Westward 7- and 16-day waves at the tropics appear enhanced by stationary planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events.  相似文献   

Thermal surface characteristics of coal fires 1 results of in-situ measurements     

Jianzhong Zhang  Claudia Kuenzer   《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2007,63(3-4):117-134

Natural underground coal fires are fires in coal seams occurring subsurface. The fires are ignited through a process named spontaneous combustion, which occurs based on a natural reaction but is usually triggered through human interaction. Coal mining activities expose coal to the air. This leads to the exothermal oxidation of the carbon in the coal with the air's oxygen to CO₂ and – under certain circumstances – to spontaneous combustion. Coal fires occur in many countries world wide – however, currently the Chinese coal mining industry faces the biggest problems with coal fires. Coal fires destroy the valuable resource coal and furthermore lead to many environmental degradation phenomena such as the deterioration of surrounding vegetation, land subsidence and the emission of toxic gasses (CO, N₂O). They additionally contribute to the emission of green house relevant gasses such as CO₂ and CH₄ to the atmosphere.In this paper we present thermal characteristics of coal fires as measured in-situ during a field campaign to the Wuda coal fire area in south-central Inner Mongolia, China. Thermal characteristics include temperature anomaly measurements at the surface, spatial surface temperature profiles of fire areas and unaffected background areas, diurnal temperature profiles, and temperature measurements inside of coal fire induced cracks in the overlying bedrock. For all the measurements the effects of uneven solar heating through influences of slope and aspect are considered.Our findings show that coal fires result in strong or subtle thermal surface anomalies. Especially the latter can easily be influenced by heating of the surrounding background material through solar influences. Temperature variation of background rocks with different albedo, slope, aspect or vegetation cover can substantially influence the detectability of thermal anomalies. In the worst case coal fire related thermal anomalies can be completely masked by solar patterns during the daytime. Thus, night-time analysis is the most suitable for thermal anomaly mapping of underground coal fires, although this is not always feasible. The heat of underground coal fires only progresses very slowly through conduction in the rock material. Anomalies of coal fires completely covered by solid unfractured bedrock are very weak and were only measured during the night. The thermal pattern of underground coal fires manifested on the surface during the daytime is thus the pattern of cracks and vents, which occur due to the volume loss underground and which support radiation and convective energy transport of hot gasses. Inside coal fire temperatures can hardly be measured and can only be recorded if the glowing coal is exposed through a wider crack in the overlaying bedrock. Direct coal fire temperatures measured ranged between 233 °C and 854 °C. The results presented can substantially support the planning of thermal mapping campaigns, analyses of coal fire thermal anomalies in remotely sensed data, and can provide initial and boundary conditions for coal fire related numerical modeling.In a second paper named “Thermal Characteristics of Coal Fires 2: results of measurements on simulated coal fires” [Zhang J., Kuenzer C., Tetzlaff A., Oettl D., Zhukov B., Wagner W., 2007. Thermal Characteristics of Coal Fires 2: Result of measurements on simulated coal fires. Accepted for publication at Journal of Applied Geophysics. doi:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2007.08.003] we report about thermal characteristics of simulated coal fires simulated under simplified conditions. The simulated set up allowed us to measure even more parameters under undisturbed conditions — especially inside fire temperatures. Furthermore we could demonstrate the differences between open surface coal fires and covered underground coal fires. Thermal signals of coal fires in near range thermal remotely sensed imagery from an observing tower and from an airplane are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

Application of wavelet transformation to determine wavelengths and phase velocities of gravity waves observed by lidar measurements     

R. Werner  K. Stebel  G.H. Hansen  U. Blum  U.-P. Hoppe  M. Gausa  K.-H. Fricke 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(17-18):2249

During the last two decades, important advances have been made in the investigation of gravity waves. However, more efforts are needed to study certain aspects of gravity waves. In the real atmosphere, gravity waves occur with different properties at different altitudes and, most often, simultaneously. In this case, when there is more than one dominant wave, the determination of gravity wave characteristics, such as the vertical wavelength and the phase velocity, is difficult. The interpretation of temperature perturbation plots versus the altitude and time as well as the application of the Fourier spectral analysis can produce errors.Exact knowledge of the wave characteristics is important both for determination of other characteristics, for example, the horizontal wave components, and for study of wave climatology. The wavelet analysis of vertical temperature profiles allows one to examine the wave's location in space. Up to now, gravity waves have been studied mainly by continuous wavelet transformation to determine dominant waves. We apply wavelet analysis to a time series of temperature profiles, observed by the ALOMAR ozone lidar at Andoya, Norway, and by the U. Bonn lidar system at ESRANGE, Sweden, both for determination of the dominant waves and for specifying the vertical wavelengths and the vertical component of the phase velocities. For this purpose, the wavelet amplitude spectra and the wavelet phase spectra are filtered and Hovmöller diagrams for dominant wavelengths are constructed. The advantage of this type of diagrams is that they give clear evidence for the localization of the dominant waves in space and time and for the development of their phase fronts.  相似文献   

基于数码相机立体像对的物体3维信息快速获取方法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

于君明  黄小波 《测绘学院学报》2002,19(4):276-279

研究了数码相机的内方位元素检测和镜头畸变差校正，应用近景摄影测量的原理与方法，提出了一种基于立体像对无物方控制的物体表面3维模型信息快速获取方法，试验表明，该方法获取3维信息速度快、精度较高。同时文中还比较了可变焦数码相机和固定焦距相机在获取3维信息精度方面的差异。  相似文献   

降水和温度MOS预报方法探讨     

吴爱敏 《干旱气象》2002,20(3):1-3

文中分析了庆阳地区春季降水气候特征和环流形势 ,用 1995～ 1998年 3～ 5月T10 6资料建立了该区 8县 (市 )春季降水、温度MOS预报方程 ,进行了回代检验和试报 ,并提出了模式更换后的处理方法  相似文献   

南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的短期气候预测方法研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

何敏  许力  宋文玲 《气象》2002,28(10):9-14

利用合成及相关统计方法，研究冬季南海季风指数与850hPa风场、500hPa高度、海表温度、OLR等环境场的相互关系及其影响南海夏季风活动的可能机制。指出冬季南海季风指数及环境场的异常特征可以作为预测南海夏季风活动的前兆信号。在此基础上建立了预测南海夏季风爆发日期和强度的概念模型，1998－2001年的预测试验取得了较好成绩。  相似文献   

利用精密星历进行单点定位的数学模型和初步分析   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

陈义 《测绘学报》2002,31(Z1):31-33

精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,简称PPP),是相对于一般的单点定位而言的,它是利用GPS的精密星历和钟差文件,以载波相位和伪距为观测资料,进行独立的单点精密定位.它的特点在于各站的解算相互独立,计算量远远小于一般的相对定位.尝试以伪距为观测值,利用JPL给出的精密星历(*.sp3)和钟差(*.clk),进行精密单点定位的试验,取得了初步的结果.  相似文献   

地面起伏对成像及雷达景象匹配的影响   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

叶勤  李启炎 《测绘学报》2002,31(Z1):50-55

景象匹配是飞行器导航与定位的一种重要手段,其中的雷达图像匹配由于具有全天候的特征而受到人们的重视.在分析了实时雷达图像成像方式的基础上,具体分析了地面高程起伏对雷达图像构像的影响,并进一步推导出在实时雷达图像上,图像像点位移与地面高程起伏的具体关系;以及为了保证一定的匹配定位精度,对于实飞地区地面起伏的定量要求.同时还对导航定位匹配所用的参考基准图受地面高程起伏的影响情况进行了定量的分析,并对理论情况和实际图像进行了计算分析与比较,最后得出在给定匹配精度的情况下,生成参考图时对成像区域内点之间的高差限制要求.  相似文献   

黄河下游断面资料数据库及冲淤分布初步分析——   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

龙毓骞  梁国亭  张原锋  申冠卿  张留柱  程龙渊 《水文》2002,22(4):28-31,52

利用所建立的断面资料数据库及分析系统软件,采用体积法对黄河下游冲淤数量进行了计算,并利用与本系统软件直接接口的通用软件,研究了黄河下游冲淤量的时空分布特点。计算分析表明,近半个世纪黄河下游河道淤积量达64.4亿m3。进入下游的水沙条件既受自然气候条件变化的影响又受水库运用所制约。不同时期河道冲淤量及其分布的差异是黄河下游冲积性河道对不同水沙条件所作出的反应。  相似文献